Here, in chronological order, are some legal resources on state-created limited liability for shareholders: history, alternatives, consequences and reform:
Christopher D. Stone, "The Place of Enterprise Liability in the Control of Corporate Conduct", 90 YALE L.J. 1 (1980).
Paul Halpern; Michael Trebilcock; Stuart Turnbull, "An Economic Analysis of Limited Liability in Corporation Law", 30 U. TORONTO L.J. 117, 149-50 (1980).
Reinier H. Kraakman, "CORPORATE LIABILITY STRATEGIES AND THE COSTS OF LEGAL CONTROLS", 93 Yale L.J. 857 (1984).
Easterbrook, Frank H. and Fischel, Daniel R, "Limited Liability and the Corporation", 52 U. Chi. L. Rev., 89 (1985)*.
Shavell, S., “The judgment proof problem”, International Review of Law and Economics, 43-58 (1986).*
David W. Leebron, "Limited Liability, Tort Victims, and Creditors", 91 COLUM. L. REV. 1565 (1991)*.
Henry Hansmann & Reinier Kraakman, "Toward Unlimited Shareholder Liability for Corporate Torts", 100 YALE L.J. 1879 (1991) (advocating pro rata shareholder liability for corporate torts);
Hansmann, H and Kraakman, R, "Do the Capital Markets Compel Limited Liability?", 102 Yale L.J. 427 (1992).
Ben Pettet, "Limited Liability — A Principle for the 21st Century?" (1995), 48 Current Legal Problems (II), 125, (M. D. Freeman, R. Halson. Eds.).
Peter Z. Grossman, "The Market for Shares of Companies with Unlimited Liability: The Case of American Express", 24 The Journal of Legal Studies 63-85. (1995). (This study shows that American Express stock, which carried pro rata unlimited
liability during the 1950s, traded regularly among a diverse group of shareholders and was not deemed especially risky by the market.)
Peter Jost, “Limited Liability and the Requirement to Purchase Insurance,” 16 International Review of Law and Economics 259-276 (1996).
William J. Carney, "Limited Liability" (1999), in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LAW & ECONOMICS 5620 (B. Bouckaert & G De Geest, eds.)
Reinier H. Kraakman , "Vicarious & Corporate Civil Liability" (1999), in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LAW & ECONOMICS 3400 (B. Bouckaert & G De Geest, eds.).
Stephen G. Marks, "The Separation Of Ownership And Control" (1999), in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LAW & ECONOMICS 5630 (B. Bouckaert & G De Geest, eds.)
Göran Skogh, "Mandatory Insurance: Transaction Costs Analysis Of Insurance" (1999), in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LAW & ECONOMICS 2400 (B. Bouckaert & G De Geest, eds.)
Nina A. Mendelson, "A Control-Based Approach to Shareholder Liability for Corporate Torts", 102 COLUM. L. REV. 1203, 1205-06 (2002)(full article attached below).
David Millon, Piercing the Corporate Veil, Financial Responsibility, and the Limits of Limited Liability, Washington & Lee Public Law Research Paper No. 03-13 (2003).
Timothy P. Glynn, Beyond “Unlimiting” Shareholder Liability: Vicarious Tort Liability for Corporate Officers, 57 Vanderbilt L. Rev. 330 (2004).
*I can email to interested readers full .pdfs of these pieces.