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Central banks perform a number of functions; basically they act as the government's own bank, holding the government checking accounts and collecting tax receipts, facilitating the issuance of bonds, etc. They are also frequently given regulatory functions, such as the enforcement of fractional reserves...
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I've long been convinced that the real threat Iraq and Iran pose is to the hegemony of the dollar. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Oil_Bourse Now read this, but skip all the 'whereas'es and read what it specifically calls for: http://www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=hc110...
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See Rothbard's What Has Government Done to Our Money . When a regular person buys a government bond, that person is spending money they had to have somehow received beforehand from someone else. That is, it must have been money that was already in circulation. When the Federal Reserve buys government...