Literary Theory

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ViennaSausage Posted: Tue, Nov 10 2009 4:39 PM

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Austrians use methodological individualism as their methodology.  Which literary theory are Austrians more akin to?  Which is the complete opposite?

• Aestheticism- often associated with Romanticism a philosophy defining aesthetic value as the primary goal in understanding literature. This includes both literary critics who have tried to understand and/or identify aesthetic values and those like Oscar Wilde who have stressed art for art's sake.
  • Oscar Wilde, Walter Pater, Harold Bloom
• American pragmatism and other American approaches
  • Harold Bloom, Stanley Fish, Richard Rorty
• Cultural studies - emphasizes the role of literature in everyday life
  • Raymond Williams, Dick Hebdige, and Stuart Hall (British Cultural Studies); Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno; Michel de Certeau; also Paul Gilroy, John Guillory
• Comparative Literature - confronts literatures from different languages, nations, cultures and disciplines to each other
• Darwinian literary studies - situates literature in the context of evolution and natural selection
• Deconstruction - a strategy of close reading that elicits the ways that key terms and concepts may be paradoxical or self-undermining, rendering their meaning undecidable
  • Jacques Derrida, Paul de Man, J. Hillis Miller, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Gayatri Spivak, Avital Ronell
• Gender (see feminist literary criticism) - which emphasizes themes of gender relations
  • Luce Irigaray, Judith Butler, Hélène Cixous, Elaine Showalter
• Formalism
• German hermeneutics and philology
  • Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Erich Auerbach
• Marxism (see Marxist literary criticism) - which emphasizes themes of class conflict
  • Georg Lukács, Valentin Voloshinov, Raymond Williams, Terry Eagleton, Fredric Jameson, Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin,
• Modernism
• New Criticism - which looked at literary works on the basis of what is written, and not at the goals of the author or biographical issues
  • W.K. Wimsatt, F.R. Leavis, John Crowe Ransom, Cleanth Brooks, Robert Penn Warren
• New historicism - which examines a text by also examining other texts of the time period
  • Stephen Greenblatt, Louis Montrose, Jonathan Goldberg, H. Aram Veeser
• Postcolonialism - focuses on the influences of colonialism in literature, especially regarding the historical conflict resulting from the exploitation of less developed countries and indigenous peoples by western nations
  • Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi Bhabha and Declan Kiberd
• Post-modernism - criticism of the conditions present in the twentieth century, often with concern for those viewed as social deviants or the Other
  • Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari and Maurice Blanchot
• Post-structuralism - a catch-all term for various theoretical approaches (such as deconstruction) that criticize or go beyond Structuralism's aspirations to create a rational science of culture by extrapolating the model of linguistics to other discursive and aesthetic formations
  • Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva
• Psychoanalysis (see psychoanalytic literary criticism) - Explores the role of consciousnesses and the unconscious in literature including that of the author, reader, and characters in the text
  • Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Harold Bloom, Slavoj Žižek, Viktor Tausk
• Queer theory - examines, questions, and criticizes the role of gender identity and sexuality in literature
  • Judith Butler, Eve Sedgewick, Michel Foucault
• Reader Response - focuses upon the active response of the reader to a text
  • Louise Rosenblatt, Wolfgang Iser, Norman Holland, Hans-Robert Jauss, Stuart Hall
• Russian Formalism
  • Victor Shklovsky, Vladimir Propp
• Structuralism and semiotics (see semiotic literary criticism) - examines the universal underlying structures in a text, the linguistic units in a text and how the author conveys meaning through any structures
  • Ferdinand de Saussure, Roman Jakobson, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Mikhail Bakhtin, Jurij Lotman, Antti Aarne, Jacques Ehrmann, Northrop Frye and morphology of folklore
• Eco-criticism - Explores cultural connections and human relationships to the natural world.
• Other theorists: Robert Graves, Alamgir Hashmi, John Sutherland, Leslie Fiedler, Kenneth Burke, Paul Bénichou, Barbara Johnson

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G8R HED replied on Tue, Nov 10 2009 6:32 PM

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Literature is human action.

Methodological individualism applies.

......unless you're queere